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The Ultimate Guide to Compound Bow Cams!

Archery is a sport that requires skill, precision, and the right equipment.

One of the most important pieces of equipment for archers is the compound bow, which has become increasingly popular due to its power, accuracy, and ease of use.

However, what sets the compound bow apart from traditional bows is its unique mechanical system, including the compound bow cam.

In this article, we will provide a complete guide to compound bow cams, including the different types of cams, factors to consider when choosing a cam, how to adjust cams for optimal performance, and maintenance and care tips to keep your bow in top shape.

By the end of this article, you will have a solid understanding of compound bow cams and be able to make an informed decision when selecting a compound bow for your archery needs.

What is a Compound Bow Cam?

The compound bow cam is a mechanical component that plays a critical role in the bow’s performance. It consists of two rotating discs or wheels, connected by a bowstring, and helps to control the bow’s draw cycle.

When the archer pulls the bowstring back, the cams rotate and store energy, making it easier for the archer to hold the string at full draw.

When the archer releases the string, the stored energy is released, propelling the arrow forward with greater speed and force than a traditional bow.

Why understanding Cam Types is Important

Understanding the different types of compound bow cams is essential for choosing the right bow for your needs and improving your archery skills.

Different cam types can affect the bow’s speed, power, and accuracy, as well as the archer’s comfort and ease of use.

Therefore, it’s important to know the advantages and disadvantages of each cam type and how they affect the bow’s performance.

Different Types of Compound Bow Cams

When it comes to compound bow cams, there are three main types: single cam, dual cam, and hybrid cam.

Each type of cam has its unique advantages and disadvantages, making it essential to understand the differences between them before choosing a bow.

Let’s discuss each cam in detail here:

Single Cam

The single cam, also known as solo cam or one-cam, is the simplest and most common type of compound bow cam. As the name suggests, it features a single rotating disc or wheel at the bottom of the bow.

The top cam is usually fixed and does not rotate, which simplifies the design and reduces maintenance.

Explanation of how it works

When the archer pulls the bowstring back, the single cam rotates, creating an even draw length and reducing the amount of energy required to hold the bow at full draw.

The absence of a second cam makes it easier to tune the bow and adjust the draw length without changing the cam’s position.

Advantages and disadvantages

One advantage of a single cam is that it is more forgiving and requires less maintenance than other types of cams.

Unlike dual cam systems, which require synchronization of two cams, the single cam system has only one cam, which simplifies the tuning process and reduces the need for maintenance.

It also produces less noise and vibration, making it more comfortable to shoot.

However, it may be slower than other cam types and may not provide as much speed or power. Additionally, tuning a single cam may be more difficult for some archers.

Dual Cam

The dual cam, also known as twin cams or two-cams, is a more complex design that features two rotating wheels or discs, one at the top and one at the bottom of the bow.

The two cams are connected by a bowstring and synchronize to create a more efficient draw cycle.

Explanation of how it works

When the archer pulls the bowstring back, the dual cam system synchronizes the two cams, creating a more even draw length and a smoother release.

This synchronization allows for greater accuracy and power than a single cam system.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of a dual cam system include faster speeds and greater power than a single cam system.

The synchronization of the two cams also creates a smoother and more consistent draw cycle, which can improve accuracy.

However, dual cam systems may require more maintenance than single cam systems, and tuning the bow can be more challenging.

Pros:

• Twin cams are known for their speed and straight nock travel
• Requires synchronization and tuning to ensure proper operation
• Newer Developments in string materials have made maintenance less of an issue
• Twin cam systems use two split-yoke cables for easy cam lean adjustment during tuning
• No need to change spacers or remove the cam during tuning process

Cons:

• Can be prone to coming out of sync and changing the bow’s tune
• Maintenance can be more challenging

Some Best Selling Dual Cam Bow

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Hybrid Cam

The hybrid cam, also known as a binary cam or hybrid twin cam, combines the best features of both single and dual cam systems.

It features two rotating cams, but one cam is larger than the other, creating a hybrid design.

Explanation of How Hybrid Cam works

A hybrid cam system uses two cams, one power cam and one control cam, to control the movement of the bowstring during the draw cycle.

The power cam is responsible for generating speed and power, while the control cam helps to maintain synchronization and ensure consistent nock travel.

During the draw cycle, the power cam begins to rotate, pulling the bowstring back.

As the power cam rotates, it also rotates the control cam, which helps to keep the two cams working in harmony.

The control cam has a flexible harness that allows it to move in response to the power cam, which helps to maintain synchronization and reduce the need for tuning.

Once the bow is fully drawn, the cams will be in a specific position, which determines the draw length and the amount of stored energy in the bow.

As the archer releases the bowstring, the stored energy is released, and the arrow is propelled forward with great speed and accuracy.

The hybrid cam system also allows for a more extended power stroke, which can result in faster arrow speeds and greater power.

An example of a Hybrid Cam Bows

Advantages and disadvantages

The hybrid cam system provides faster arrow speeds, greater power, and a more efficient draw cycle than a single cam system.

It also requires less maintenance than a dual cam system and is easier to tune.

However, the hybrid cam system may be more challenging to adjust than a single cam system, and it may produce more noise and vibration than a single cam system.

Binary Cam Or Modified Twin Cam

A binary cam is a type of dual cam system used on some compound bows. Unlike other dual cam systems, where each cam operates independently of the other, the binary cam system uses a system of cables and timing belts to synchronize the cams, creating a more efficient and accurate system.

In a binary cam system, the two cams work together to control the bow’s draw length and weight, with each cam responsible for half of the draw cycle.

As the bow is drawn back, the cables and timing belts work to ensure that the cams rotate in sync, creating a smooth and efficient draw cycle. At full draw, the cams are locked in place, creating a solid back wall and reducing hand shock.

Advantages

Binary cams have several advantages over other cam systems.

They are known for their accuracy and consistency, thanks to their synchronized design.

Modified twin cams produce low levels of hand shock, making the bow more comfortable to shoot and deliver perfect arrow flight.

They also have a wider range of adjustability, allowing for greater customization of draw length and weight. Additionally, they are known for their smooth draw cycle and reduced noise and vibration.

Disadvantages

Binary cams are known for their ability to generate high arrow speeds while requiring minimal maintenance. However, their design can sometimes lead to cam lean, which can pose a challenge when it comes to tuning. However, manufacturers have developed solutions such as different sized spacers or shimming to tune out arrow flight issues caused by cam lean.

They can also be more expensive due to their more complex design.

Nonetheless, for those who prioritize accuracy, consistency, and adjustability in their compound bow, a binary cam system can be an excellent choice.

The Mathews TRX, PSE Dominator Duo, and Hoyt Altus bows use the Binary Cam system.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Compound Bow Cams

The function of a cam hasn’t changed in 60 years, so it’s essential to choose a cam system that feels right for you rather than being influenced by current trends and hype.

When choosing a compound bow, the cam type is just one of the factors to consider. Here are five additional factors to keep in mind:

A. Draw Length

The draw length is the distance between the grip and the bowstring when the bow is at full draw.

It is essential to choose a cam system that allows for the correct draw length to ensure accurate shooting and reduce the risk of injury.

Some cam types may have more adjustability in draw length than others, so it’s crucial to choose a cam that fits your needs.

B. Draw Weight

The draw weight is the amount of force required to pull the bowstring back to full draw. It’s crucial to choose a cam system that allows for an appropriate draw weight based on the archer’s strength and intended use.

A cam system that is too heavy may cause fatigue and make accurate shooting challenging, while a cam system that is too light may not provide enough power.

C. Speed

Arrow speed is a crucial factor to consider when selecting a compound bow.

The speed of the arrow depends on the cam system’s design and the bow’s overall setup, including arrow weight and draw length.

Some cam systems are designed to provide faster arrow speeds than others, so it’s essential to choose a cam system that fits your intended use.

D. Let-off

Let-off refers to the amount of weight that is reduced when the bow is at full draw.

For example, a bow with a let-off of 80% would require 100 pounds of force to draw the bow, but only 20 pounds of force to hold the bow at full draw.

A higher let-off can make it easier to hold the bow steady at full draw, but it may also reduce the power of the shot.

E. Tunability

Tunability refers to how easily the bow can be adjusted to achieve optimal performance.

Some cam systems may be more tunable than others, making it easier to adjust the draw length, draw weight, and other factors to optimize the bow’s performance.

It’s essential to choose a cam system that is easy to tune and maintain, especially if you plan to make frequent adjustments.

Each factor plays a crucial role in the bow’s overall performance and accuracy, and selecting the right combination of factors is essential for optimal shooting.

F. Cam Profile:

The cam profile of a compound bow is an important factor in determining its performance characteristics.

Different cam profiles can transfer energy into the limbs at different rates, which can affect the speed, power, and smoothness of the bow’s draw cycle.

Round cams are one of the most basic cam profiles and are often found on beginner or youth bows. They transfer energy into the limbs at a relatively slow and steady rate, which makes them easy to shoot and forgiving for beginners.

Eccentric cams, on the other hand, have a more complex profile that allows them to transfer energy into the limbs more efficiently. This results in a faster draw cycle and higher arrow speeds. Eccentric cams can be designed to have different “let-off” percentages, which is the amount of weight that is held by the bow at full draw.

Oval and elliptical cams are similar to eccentric cams in that they are designed to transfer energy into the limbs more efficiently. However, their profile is shaped more like an oval or ellipse, which allows them to provide a smoother draw cycle and reduced vibration.

G. Cam Valley

In a compound bow cam, the valley refers to the point in the draw cycle where the archer reaches their maximum draw length and the draw weight drops off before reaching the let-off point.

A shorter valley means that there is less distance between the maximum draw length and the let-off point. This can make the bow feel more aggressive and less forgiving, as the archer has less room for error when holding the bow at full draw.

Conversely, a longer valley means that there is more distance between the maximum draw length and the let-off point. This can make the bow feel more forgiving and easier to hold at full draw, as the archer has more room to make minor adjustments without the bow immediately reaching peak weight.

How to Adjust Compound Bow Cams

Once you have selected the right type of cam for your bow and shooting style, it’s important to ensure that the cams are properly adjusted for optimal performance.

Here are different critical adjustments to make when setting up and tuning compound bow cams:

A. Cam Timing

Cam timing refers to the position of the cams relative to each other and the bowstring.

It’s important to adjust the cam timing correctly to ensure that the bowstring is moving smoothly through the draw cycle and that the cams are rotating evenly.

Incorrect cam timing can cause the bow to shoot inconsistently or lead to premature wear on the bowstring and cables.

Here is a useful video

B. Cam Synchronization

Cam synchronization refers to how the two cams work together during the draw cycle.

The cams should rotate at the same speed and come to a full stop at the same time. If the cams are out of sync, the bow can shoot inconsistently, and the arrow may not fly straight.

C. Cam Lean

Cam lean refers to the angle at which the cams sit relative to the bowstring. If the cams are not aligned correctly, the bowstring may not move smoothly through the draw cycle, and the bow may shoot inconsistently. Cam lean can also cause premature wear on the bowstring and cables.

To adjust the cam timing, synchronization, and lean, you may need to make adjustments to the bowstring, cables, or other components of the bow. It’s important to consult your bow’s manual or work with an experienced bow technician to ensure that the adjustments are made correctly.

In addition to these adjustments, it’s also important to ensure that the bow is properly tuned for arrow flight. This may involve adjusting the arrow rest, nocking point, and other components to ensure that the arrow flies straight and true.

What Cams Should I Choose?

Choosing the right cam for your compound bow depends on several factors, including your skill level, shooting style, and intended use of the bow. Here are a few things to consider when choosing a cam:

1. Experience level: If you’re a beginner, a single cam or hybrid cam bow may be a good choice as they are generally easier to maintain and tune. More experienced archers may prefer the speed and power of a dual cam or binary cam bow.
2. Speed & Power: If you prioritize speed and power in your bow, dual-cam bows would be ideal, although they may require more tuning and maintenance. However, if you want a combination of power and accuracy without much concern for maintenance and tuning, then binary or hybrid cam bows would be a great option.
3. Shooting style: Different cam profiles can affect the feel of the bow at full draw and the amount of forgiveness it provides. For example, a longer valley may be preferred for target shooting, while a shorter valley may be better for hunting.
4. Intended use: If you plan on using your bow for hunting, you may want to choose a cam that provides a good balance of speed and power. If you’re using your bow for target shooting or competition, you may want to prioritize accuracy and forgiveness over speed.

Maintenance and Care for Compound Bow Cams

Proper maintenance and care of compound bow cams is essential to keep your bow shooting smoothly and accurately. Here are some key tips for maintaining and caring for your compound bow cams:

A. Cleaning and Lubrication

Regular cleaning and lubrication of the cams can help to keep them running smoothly and prevent premature wear.

To clean the cams, use a soft, dry cloth to wipe away any dirt or debris. Then, apply a small amount of bowstring wax or lubricant to the cam’s axles and bearings.

Avoid using any harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can damage the cams.

B. Inspection for Wear and Damage

Regular inspections of the cams can help to identify any signs of wear or damage before they become a more serious issue.

Check the cams for any cracks, chips, or other damage, as well as any signs of excessive wear on the cam’s axles or bearings.

If you notice any signs of damage or wear, it’s important to have the cams inspected and repaired by a qualified bow technician.

C. Storage

Proper storage of your bow can help to protect the cams and other components from damage.

When storing your bow, make sure to keep it in a dry, cool place away from direct sunlight. You should also store the bow in a case or sleeve to protect it from dust, dirt, and other debris.

By regularly cleaning and lubricating the cams, inspecting for wear and damage, and storing the bow properly, you can help to extend the life of your bow and keep it in top condition.

Can Compound Bow Cams be Replaced?

Yes, compound bow cams can be replaced. It is important to identify the specific make and model of the bow and the cam system it uses to ensure that the replacement cam is compatible.

On average, a single cam replacement can cost anywhere from $30 to $80, while dual-cam or binary-cam replacements can range from $50 to $250.

It’s important to note that these prices are for the replacement cam only and do not include any additional costs for installation or tuning by a professional.

So, When you compare it to buying a new bow, replacing the cams makes a lot of economic sense. However, the most important point is that you should inspect your equipment regularly.

It’s always best to consult with a local archery shop or manufacturer to get an accurate price estimate for a specific cam replacement.

Conclusion

The demand for faster, easier-to-shoot bows has driven the development of cam systems.

Moreover, Cam systems have developed from simple round wheels to super efficient and adjustable versions we see today.

Companies are now taking a pragmatic approach to bow technology, utilizing nearly every cam system available to ensure each compound performs at its best.

Compound bow cams are an essential component of a modern compound bow, and selecting the right type of cam and maintaining it properly can have a significant impact on your bow’s performance.

Resource: https://sciencebehindthesport.wvu.edu/science-behind-archery/cams

Last update on 2024-04-27